This section ONLY for social/political issues. You can find Indian religions, Jewish culture, middle-eastern literature, etc;-- In the appropriate categories for each discipline.

Modern Middle East History : In 5 pages the author discusses modern Middle Eastern history. " Two major turning points in the history of the Middle East were the sixteenth century and the First World War. Westernization changed the Middle Eastern concept of ships, and military armaments." Bibliography lists 4 sources. Modhist.wps

How Advances in Military Technology Affected the Organization of Society in the Pre-Modern, Early Modern, & Modern Middle East : In 5 pages the author discusses how advances in military affected the organization of society in the pre-modern, early modern, and modern middle east. "Advances in military technology have affected the society in pre-modern, early modern and modern Middle East. The people there have been through many battles. They were battles for boundaries, battles for freedom, and battles over religion. Military advancement has played an important part in the history of the Middle East." Bibliography lists 4 sources. Mideast2.wps

The Middle East Today : A 6 page paper discussing the changes that have occurred in the Middle East in the past few decades as a result of the global economy and other outside influences. There has really been little in the way of foreign influence in the Middle East. The majority of the changes that have occurred in the Middle East have been a result of politics and war. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Mideast4.wps

Differences in Social and Economic Life in Middle East During Ninth & Nineteenth Centuries : A 5 page paper detailing how social and economic life in the nineteenth century Middle East differed from the economy and society one-thousand years earlier. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Mideast3.wps

Belly Dancing in the Middle East : A 5 page paper on belly dancing and its importance to the Middle East cultures. It has traditionally been used in weddings where the dancer is believed to bless the wedding, taking the bride on a symbolic journey from girlhood to womanhood where her sexuality is released. It is also compared with some forms of dance in the United States, other than belly dancing itself. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Belldanc.wps

Arabian Women / Overcoming Traditional Barriers : A 5 page discussion of how women in the Middle East are finally beginning to transcend cultural restrictions and acquire rights that they never had before. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Arabwoma.wps

Arab-Israeli Relations / A Modern History : In this comprehensive 12 page essay, the writer provides an overview of tensions existing from 1948 to the present. Covered are Zionism, the formation of Israel, the first Palestine War, the Suez-Sinai War, the October War of 1973, Infitada, and a number of other key events. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Israrab.wps

The Arab Empire : An 8 page look at the Arab Peninsula. The Arab Peninsula is described as it was before Islamic rule. This is followed by a section discussing the existence of Muhammad and the changes that occurred because of him. The last section deals with the expansion and development that the Arab nation has experienced, especially in the last decade. The essential truth behind the information provided is that the Arab Peninsula-and surrounding areas- has been, and continues to be, one of the most powerful and influential nations in existence. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Arabemp.wps

Palestinians, Reasons Behind Actions, & The Role Of The U.S. In the Problem : A 4 page essay that looks at the history and involvement of the United States in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Palest.doc

The Rise of Arab Nationalism and the Balfour Declaration : An 8 page essay tracing the evolution of two of the Arab states, Syria and Iraq, from the period just before World War I through the end of World War II when Syria finally regained full independence from France, the Allied nation appointed by the League of Nations to oversee and assist the developing countries of the mideast in recovering from the First World War. France’s rule of Syria was oppressive, and did more to bolster the Syrians’ commitment to Arab nationalism than to win them over the France’s influence. Though Britain returned rule and full independence to the Arab states of Transjordan and Iraq as quickly as possible, only the prodding of the other Allied forces of World War II and the fall of France convinced France to withdraw from Syria. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Arabnat.wps

The Myth & Reality of Arab Nationalism : A 27 page paper that provides an overview of the basic myths and misconceptions regarding Arab nationalism and considers these in comparison to the realities. This paper focus on the social, religious, and economic issues that have actually divided the Arab nations. Bibliography lists 15 sources. Arabnats.wps

Arab Nationalism / Why A Single, Unified Arab State Has Not Yet Been Achieved : 7 pages in length. Despite the fact that a single, unified Arab state has long been desired, the ever-present distraction of nation-state patriotism and tribal loyalties have remained the wedge that continues to defeat such a quest. Arab nationalism is said to be at fault for this inability to form a unified Arab state; however, there are those who contend that there exist a combination of reasons behind this ineffectualness. Not only does it have to do with Western interference and narrow-minded Arab leadership, but it also has a significant amount to do with the way that several nation-states uphold their political and social contrarieties. A considerable amount of critics believe that in order to achieve a cohesive, single, unified Arab state, there must be an end to violence and discord, as well as a move toward individual plans of development and removal of the nationalistic ideal. The writer discusses nationalism and unification as they relate to the Arab states. Bibliography lists 6 sources. ArabNat4.wps

Moshe Dayan, Two Views : A 7 page paper on how Arabs and Israelis view Moshe Dayan--past to present. The paper provides background information from Boutros Boutros-Ghali, and present day information from Jerusalem newspapers, which extend to the past. The paper discusses the shocking news released this year about Dayan's views of his own interventions in the Middle East and the peace talks, and compares that to Boutros-Ghali's reports on the same period. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Mosehday.wps

Jerusalem : This 14 page report examines Jerusalem and the struggles, historical and current, the city has faced. It gives a brief overview of the city's history, as well as the conflicts inherent in a city considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Bibliography included. Jeru.wps

The Destruction of Jerusalem : A 10 page overview of the ancient history of Jerusalem with emphasis on two of its many periods of seige, the Babylonian siege in 587 B.C. and the Roman siege in 70 A.D. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Jerudest.wps

Egypt / Her History and Future : An 8 page history of Egypt. The writer discusses land holdings, industries, tourism, people, crops, and water crisis. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Egypt.wps

Kuwait / A Country Study : A 10 page research paper on Kuwait. Sections include: Early History, Geography, Demographics, Politics, Social and Cultural practices. Kuwait has become wealthy since the end of World War II due to its involvement in the petroleum industry. Literacy rates are over 70%. Despite improvement in many aspects of life, women still have few rights, e.g., they cannot vote. The writer believes the religious beliefs are too much a part of the culture for this to change in the near future. Bibliography is included. Kuwait.wps

Kuwait’s Solution For Peace In The Middle East : A 5 page paper discussing the nation of Kuwait’s opinion and view on how to best achieve peace in the embattled Middle East. With the Gulf War still fresh in the nation’s thoughts, Kuwait has had more than a brief encounter with the unrest that is part of daily life in the Middle East. Bibliography lists four sources. Kuwait2.doc

Jordan: Economy and Trade : A 10 page review of Jordan’s economic history. Concentrates on foreign trade and the factors which affect it. Emphasizes that long-term changes to Jordan’s economic situation are dependent on other countries such as the United States as well as on Jordan. Bibliography lists 8 sources. PPjordan.wps

The P.L.O. / A Comprehensive Examination : This 4 page research essay explores the ideologies of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since its inception in 1964. Acts which support their ideology are reported along with the different factions that have come to rise during the years. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Plo.wps P.L.O.

Arafat’s Role in Promoting Peace : This 12 page paper takes a look at PLO leader Yasser Arafat’s role in promoting peace. The main point is that Arafat must take control of radical factions in order for agreements to have a chance at working. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Arafpeac.wps

Ethnic Conflict in World Politics / Israelis & Palestinians : A 4 page paper on this book by Ted Robert Gurr and Barbara Harff. The writer gives an overview, focusing on the conflicts of the Israelis and the Palestinians. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Ethinc.wps

History of the State of Israel : A 4 page overview of major events, problems, and conflicts since the creation of Israel in 1948. Plenty of statistical & demographic information is included. Bibliography lists 9 sources. Isrlhist.wps

Israel During King David's Reign : A 12 page research essay that investigates the rise of David from a humble sheepherder to the King of Israel and the conditions of the nation of Israel from David's birth through his reign as king. Within the context of the investigation are the surrounding events of David's life, his time with Saul, his victories over other regions as king and the possible reasons God chose David to become King of all Israel. The Israelites had begun drifting from God and God's laws when David was born; they asked for a king and chose Saul. How David rose to the throne and overcame his many obstacles is discussed in this essay. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Kingdave.wps

Effects Of American Immigration To Israel : 5 pages in length. Historically, there have been mixed reactions to American immigration into Israel. Of course, an influx of people typically means a boost to the economy by way of more money circulation and an increased work force. However, it also represents a crowding of more than just physical bodies; it means that Israeli citizens become faced with an issue of Orthodox versus non-Orthodox religious beliefs. This issue has proven to be a considerable problem with respect to American immigration. The writer discusses the effects of American immigration as it relates to Israel. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Ameris.wps

The 1992 Israeli Elections : A 5 page paper discussing the various conditions that surrounded the 1992 Israeli elections. These elections occurred during a time when major changes had recently occurred in regards to world powers. Russian Communism had crumbled and the Cold War was essentially in the past. The political parties involved were the Labour Party and the Likuds. The leaders were, respectively, Rabin and Shamir. Rabin won by a slight margin. Election numbers are included herein. Bibliography lists 8 sources. 92israel.wps

The Kibbutz-- An Analysis of Two Studies: A 9 page research paper on the Blasi and Rayman studies of the Israeli kibbutz. The writer details the theories, styles, and contents of the two works. Bibliography lists 2 sources. Kibbutz.wps

The Israeli Kibbutz / Decline & Change : A 6 page overview of the Israel kibbutz and the changes which they are currently implementing to remain extant. Bibliography lists five sources. Kibbutz2.wps

The Bombing of the King David Hotel : A 5 page paper on the reasons, the people and military groups behind this 1940’s bombing. The writer argues that terrorist activities are believed to be justified by those who perform them. This is also evidenced by this bombing, the result was that the British left Israel and it became an autonomous state. Sources site 3 bibliographical resources. Kingdavi.wps

Masada / What The Land Means To The Jewish People : A 10 page paper that discusses the land issues surrounding the war in the Middle East. The writer defines Masada, looks at the Israeli claim to Masada through archeological records, and explains the political environment through the last two centuries leading up to Zionist ideals, the main focus being a nation established according to the promise of the prophets--Masada. Bibliography lists 20 sources. Masada.wps

Israel Vs. Saudi Arabia / Comparison of a Secular & Non-Secular State : This detailed 8 page paper compares the economies, import/export, and rate of industrialization between Israel and Saudi Arabia. Useful statistical data is provided. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Secvsnon.wps

Crime & Justice in the Non Western Media : National and international restrictions on the news media and increasing criminal activity against journalists are just to concerns that come into view when considering the representations of crime in the non-Western news media. This 10 page paper provides a comparative view of the issue of crime in the media, and then evaluates the specific context of Saudi Arabia, where critics have argued the royal family controls what is viewed and how international news media are allowed to pursue internal information. Bibliography lists 12 sources. Saudmed.wps

Zionism, Roots and Legacy : A 7 page research paper focusing on the underlying reasons behind the Zionist movement during the mid-1800s, including nationalism, socialism and utopianism. The writer also looks at the legacy of Zionism in terms of ongoing conflict in Israel. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Cnzionim.wps

The Ongoing War Between Israel & Lebanon / Decades of Conflict : A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the continuing war between Israel and Lebanon and suggests reasons for the continued conflict. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Isrreb.wps

Public Choice For Israeli Peace : A 15 page paper that explores the reasons behind the desire and conflicts surrounding the Jewish public's pursuit of peace since 1977, including the efforts under the Likudan Menachem Begin, Labor Party's Yitzhak Rabin, and the imposed peace process on the current Likud regime. The paper posits that the pursuit of peace is strong in the hearts of Jewish people around the globe, although it compromises pursuit of the promised Jewish state. This duality of purpose is addressed in both political terms and through a description of the importance of land to the Jewish people seeking peace. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Publicch.wps

Israel’s Hard Line : A 5 page paper discussing Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu’s hard line on allowing increases in the numbers of Jewish residents in established settlements in the area of Israel that is continually disputed in ownership by the Arabs. The paper compares two 1995 editorials written after Netanyahu had been in office for six months, and both promised the potential of warfare if Netanyahu continued to refuse to back away from his assertion that Jews have the right to inhabit all areas of their own country. The writer concludes that a better time to question Netanyahu’s philosophies would have been before his election to office, and that the example of a national leader adhering to campaign promises is so unusual that other national leaders have no experience in dealing with it. Israel.wps

Israel's Canaan Conquest / Social & Cultural Implications : 5 pages in length. The social and cultural implications of Israel's conquest of Canaan were great and far-reaching for a people who had been suppressed for so long. Egypt's enslavement of Israel was one of the centrally formative occurrences in the conception of Jewish identity. The conquest of Canaan marked the freedom of Israelis from the grips of slavery and into a better life. The writer discusses what transpired during this reawakening period in history. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Canaan.wps

Ireland & Israel / Women’s Peace Movement : A 20 page research paper that explores how and why the women in Ireland and Israel combine to resolve ethnic conflict through peacemaking activities. The writer focuses on the effects of civil war on the women’s experience in those countries, and argues that it is "war at the door" that has spurred these women to quickly change their lives around and generated the lessons that can be learned by world political leaders in resolving civil wars. Bibliography lists 26 sources. Wmnpeace.wps

Golda Meir / "My Life" : 8 pages in length. A proud and impassioned woman, Golda Meir was truly the epitome of greatness. Her autobiography "My Life" delves within the innermost thoughts of a woman who is revered the world over. The writer brings forth Meir's devotion to her land and its people as being the model of human allegiance, while her complete involvement -- which was always softened with love yet fueled by a fierce sense of duty -- enlightened the world to her extraordinary abilities as a leader. No additional sources cited. Goldam.wps

Overpopulation On The Nile Delta : A 5 page essay comparing two articles on the Nile Delta, one from the National Geographic and one from The Economist. Each article focuses on the overpopulation and water shortage in the region, one from a humanistic viewpoint, the other from a data-orientation. The two sources are cited. Niled.wps

Benjamin Netanyahu "A Place Among the Nations" / Book Review : This 5 page book analysis gives a brief overview of Netanyahu’s 1993 work in which he discusses Israel and the world. Some of his viewpoints are controversial but all are insightful and powerfully presented. Netan.wps

Iran / Major Historical Influences : A 10 page essay discussing the major historical influences of Iranian Culture: Persian, Islamic and Western. The writer provides an informative look at Iranian history to assess its cultural development. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Iranhist.wps

The Iranian Revolution : This insightful 15 page paper examines the causes and effects of Iran's 1979 revolution. Various Iranian political parties and regimes are examined and the writer finds that Rafasanjani was extremely helpful to the country's economy and government. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Iranianr.wps iran, iranian

Iranian Revolution / Impact It Had On Those Close To The Shah : A 9 page paper that provides an overview of the events surrounding the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the exile of the Shah, with a concentration on the impact of the events on the Shah's family and close associates. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Shahiran.wps iran, iranian

Causes Behind The 1979 Islamic Revolution In Iran : A 5 page overview of the causes leading up to the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran. Identifies Ayatollah Khomeini as the orchestrator of the people and as the one to whom the revolution can be credited. Bibliography lists 4 sources. IranIsla.wps

Reza Shah Pahlavi & The Modernization Of Iran : A 6 page paper discussing Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919-1944), the former military commander who was crowned Shah of Iran in 1926 and his efforts to modernize his nation. The report examines both Iran and the Shah from the beginning of his rule as Shah to the reign of his son, Muhammad Riza Shah Pahvali’s rule which began in 1941. Bibliography lists ten sources. Rezashah.doc iran, iranian

Iranian Poet / Forugh Farrokhzad (1935-1967) : An 8 page paper on this Iranian woman who is considered the most popular -- and probably the best -- poet in Iranian history. This paper examines one of her poems, "Border Walls," in light of the environment of social restraint and taboo against which Farrokhzad wrote, and analyzes her influence in the world today. Biblioraphy lists 4 additional sources. A copy of the poem is included. Forugh.wps iran, iranian

Poet -- Kahlil Gibran / Responsibility Of The Individual : A 12 page paper discussing the life and some of the recurrent themes of "The Prophet." Kahlil Gibran admonishes us to always perform at the best levels we are capable of attaining, and everything we do, to do in love. He tells us that each of us is responsible not only for ourselves, but for each other as well, owing love not only to others, but also to our work. According to Gibran, material things are no good measure of anything but themselves, and certainly are no measure of the worth of an individual. What does provide measure is the degree of love in which we can live, and in the number of avenues that we can find and use that love. He provides us with arenas we may never have considered, such as work and teaching, but arenas that are no less important simply because of our inability to see them without Gibran’s help. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Gibran.doc

Edal Adnan’s "Sitt Marie Rose" : A 5 page paper discussing the book "Sitt Marie Rose," by Edel Adnan. This story is a fictional story based on a real event that took place in Lebanon years ago. A woman was tortured by Christian militiamen and eventually killed. In evaluating this book we examine pages 65-76. No additional sources cited. Sittrose.wps

Persian Music : A 6 page research paper on this ancient music native to present-day Iran. The writer covers such topics as the historical background of the music, intervals and scales used, the "dastgah" concept, compositional forms, instrumentation and modern trends. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Persmus.wps

The Iran - Iraq War / Iran’s Acceptance of U.N. Terms for Peace : A 6 page paper discussing the Iran-Iraq war and the United Nations proposed terms for peace in 1987. Iran did not agree to the terms for several years. The reason Iran finally did accept the U.N. terms are outlined in this report. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Peaceacc.wps

International Relations In Iraq : A 3 page essay on the three types of international relations—personal, domestic and systems, and how these are all being utilized to avert war and support human rights issues in Iraq (1998). Bibliography lists 5 sources. Intrel.wps

The Conflict in Iraq : This 5 page paper focuses on the tense situation in Iraq. Several views are discussed and implications for future action are expressed. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Iraqcon.wps

Iraq / Problems & Solution : A 10 page research essay on the human rights problem in Iraq since the Gulf War. The writer reviews US sentiment regarding war and sanctions, the US-led sanction policies held against Iraq, and describes why sanctions alone are not successful. The writer posits that the UN should adopt a policy similar to that used in Bosnia to treat the Iraqi situation. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Cnsanctn.wps

The Struggle of the Kurds : A 5 page paper discussing the Kurds and their ongoing battle with Turkey, Iraq, and Iran and their desire to attain autonomy for their country. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Kurds.wps

Negotiating Sytles Of The US & The Kurds : A 5 page paper comparing and contrasting the negotiating styles of the US and the Kurds as they fight to attain autonomy for their country. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Uskurd.wps

Ethnic Conflict / Kurds & Iraq : A 10 page research paper that begins by discussing ethnicity and ethnic conflicts in general with specific examples to support the conclusions regarding the myths of ethnic conflict. The paper then focuses on the repression of the Kurds, in general, and specifically on Iraq's treatment of the Kurds in recent years. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Kurdiraq.wps

Turks in Bulgaria : A 5 page analysis of Bulgarian Turks in Bulgaria, their contributions to the government and how current Bulgarian Policy, generally, serves their needs. Although dissidence is growing, during the 1990s, the Turks have experienced a relatively peaceful existence in Bulgaria. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Bulgturk.wps

U.S. International Relations / Trade & The Changing Middle East :A 7 page research paper in which the writer analyzes changes in the Middle East as they relate to the feasibility of trade in that region. U.S. trade and investment currently plays a critical role in promoting our foreign policy and national security interests in the Middle East. It is argued in this paper that this role has grown in importance as the Middle East peace process continues to move forward.--Some political reasons for this trend are analyzed as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Middleea.wps

How Our Media Portrays the Middle East : A 4 page paper which examines one article in Newsweek Magazine that deals with the Middle East. This article is discussed in terms of how it portrays Americans as "us," and Middle East citizens as "them." The many subtle and underlying attitudes are illustrated as well as the not so obvious illustrations that portray each country differently. America is known for always depicting other countries as somehow not as powerful, advanced, intelligent, or as spiritual as we are. this article is thoroughly examined in regards to these types of issues. Bibliography lists 1 source. RAthem.wps

Conflict Theory v. Functionalism / The Middle East Conflict : A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the conflict theory and functionalism and then applies them to an understanding of the sociological elements of the Middle East Conflict. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Confunct.wps

Zionism, The Jews, & Modern History : A 7 page paper on the Zionist movement and its underlying belief that the Jewish people must return to Eretz Yisrael. The writer discusses Zionism's spread throughout modern history as a political movement, as well as its value in academic and non-academic circles today. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Zionism.wps

Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries (O.P.E.C.) : A 4 page essay examining the organization and history of OPEC and its former and future effects on the world oil market. In response the the stranglehold the OPEC countries had on an industrialized world dependent on the oil that they exported, conservation and world-wide recession (due in part to the oil crisis beginning in 1973-1974), OPEC has lost much of its world influence as oil-importing countries look both for other sources of oil and for alternatives to oil. Analysts believe that the current trend of increased oil consumption will continue through the year 2000, and that OPEC may be able to regain some of its lost world influence. Bibliography lists 5 sources. Opec.wps

Middle Eastern Music : A 5 page paper on Music in the Middle of the Eastern part of the world. The paper talks about popular styles, instruments that are used, and where the music of the Middle East is going in the future. Mideasmu.wps

China and the Middle East : A 5 page paper discussing China’s political relationships with the Middle Eastern countries and its trade arrangements with, not only the countries of the Middle East, but also the United States. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Mideast.doc

Childrearing Practices Compared : This 5 page paper compares childrearing practices in the United States and the Middle Eastern Muslim communities. Several issues are addressed. Family structure is discussed along with the role of the woman in each state. Bibliography lists 5 sources Chilprac.wps

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